Have film audiences fallen out of love with the… | Little White Lies

Long Read

Have film audi­ences fall­en out of love with the western?

02 Apr 2019

The poor box office per­for­mance of The Sis­ters Broth­ers and films like it sug­gests inter­est in this quin­tes­sen­tial Amer­i­can film genre is on the wane.

The first gen­er­a­tion of moviemak­ers grew up as the last gen­er­a­tion of actu­al cow­boys were dying out. That the west­ern and Amer­i­can cin­e­ma came forth at rough­ly the same time was no acci­dent: many of the huck­sters and quick-start entre­pre­neurs of the West set­tled in Cal­i­for­nia, look­ing for the next get-rich-quick scheme and find­ing it in motion pic­tures. Thus west­erns became an inex­tri­ca­ble part of Hol­ly­wood sto­ry­telling, dom­i­nat­ing the box office through most of the first half of the 20th century.

Hard as it would have seemed for the likes of John Ford and Antho­ny Mann to imag­ine, the Amer­i­can west­ern no longer holds an uncon­test­ed grip on main­stream audi­ences. Today the genre is most­ly seen as a dusty arte­fact, super­seded by super­hero block­busters or else retooled into awards-wor­thy fare like Hell or High Water that bears lit­tle resem­blance to the orig­i­nal format.

A mod­ern west­ern is more like­ly to be a crit­i­cal dar­ling than a box office suc­cess. In 2014, Tom­my Lee Jones’ The Home­s­man pre­miered in com­pe­ti­tion at the Cannes Film Fes­ti­val but made pal­try returns upon its the­atri­cal release. The fol­low­ing year saw a crop of indie west­erns, includ­ing Slow West and Bone Tom­a­hawk; well-liked films that didn’t man­age to trav­el much beyond the art­house circuit.

This year sees two fas­ci­nat­ing west­erns from respect­ed art­house direc­tors, nei­ther with a sig­nif­i­cant pres­ence at the box office. The Sis­ters Broth­ers, the first Eng­lish-lan­guage fea­ture from Palme d’Or-winning French film­mak­er Jacques Audi­ard, brings an outsider’s per­spec­tive to the out­law era. Despite crit­i­cal favour and a cast list stud­ded with brand actors like Joaquin Phoenix and John C Reil­ly, the film per­formed abysmal­ly at the US box office, earn­ing a mere $9 mil­lion against a $38 mil­lion budget.

The Coen broth­ers, whose 2010 film True Grit is one of the most finan­cial­ly suc­cess­ful west­erns of the past decade, removed risk from the equa­tion by turn­ing to Net­flix for invest­ment in The Bal­lad of Buster Scrug­gs. The six-part anthol­o­gy west­ern is a bla­tant rejec­tion of audi­ence expec­ta­tion, far more so than Audiard’s film. With its many sud­den deaths, pitch-black humour and obscure ref­er­ences, Buster Scrug­gs might not seem like much of a depar­ture from the Coens, but it’s notable that their pre­vi­ous film, 2016’s Hail, Cae­sar!, was among their least com­mer­cial­ly suc­cess­ful offerings.

Rolling hills covered in golden grass, with a person and dog standing in the foreground overlooking a herd of animals in the distance.

A stream­ing release for Buster Scrug­gs seemed to make sense, and while the film received a very lim­it­ed the­atri­cal release in order to be eli­gi­ble awards sea­son, it has become the lat­est in a line of Net­flix-backed movies (see also: David Mackenzie’s Out­law King, Jere­my Saulnier’s Hold the Dark) pro­tect­ed from poten­tial­ly poor com­mer­cial recep­tion. (Net­flix, famous­ly, does not release view­er­ship num­bers for its releases.)

West­erns hold a con­tentious place in Amer­i­can nation­al his­to­ry and cin­e­ma. It was the dom­i­nant genre of our par­ents’ and grand­par­ents’ gen­er­a­tions, with more released dur­ing the 1950s than every oth­er Hol­ly­wood genre com­bined. They’re a repos­i­to­ry for some cen­tral Amer­i­can myths: free­dom, inde­pen­dence from big gov­ern­ment, mas­cu­line heroism.

The truth is far more bru­tal, but the west­ern offers a tem­plate for artists to explore the nature of man­i­fest des­tiny, what it means to be a rugged indi­vid­u­al­ist, the notion of who belongs’ and much more. In an increas­ing­ly myopic coun­try dou­bling down on racist and xeno­pho­bic tru­isms while cling­ing to sim­plis­tic, seduc­tive myths about good ver­sus evil, it doesn’t seem huge­ly sur­pris­ing that the west­ern should be of con­tin­ued inter­est to Amer­i­can storytellers.

The Coens express both affec­tion and deri­sion for the clichés of the west­ern mythos. In the open­ing seg­ment of Buster Scrug­gs, the tit­u­lar char­ac­ter (Tim Blake Nel­son) is an absurd­ly chip­per singing cow­boy in the style of Gene Autry, com­plete with pris­tine white hat and fresh­ly-laun­dered clothes. Not long after his intro­duc­tion, he enters a bar full of dirty-faced, sweaty men with shifty eyes ripped right from a total­ly dif­fer­ent form of Hol­ly­wood west­ern: the hyper­vi­o­lent 60s and 70s shoot-’em-ups of Sam Peck­in­pah, Clint East­wood and Ser­gio Leone.

After the sit­u­a­tion devolves into the inevitable shootout, and a dif­fer­ent singing cow­boy comes to town, the impli­ca­tions are clear. There’s always some­one thing new­er and shinier to come along and knock you off your perch (or mor­tal coil). Seems like a fit­ting anal­o­gy for the whole west­ern genre.

Based on Cana­di­an author Patrick DeWitt’s nov­el of the same name, The Sis­ters Broth­ers fol­lows boun­ty hunter sib­lings Eli and Char­lie Sis­ters, played by John C Reil­ly and Joaquin Phoenix respec­tive­ly. They’re on the hunt for a soft-spo­ken chemist (Riz Ahmed) in pos­ses­sion of some new tech­nol­o­gy pur­port­ed to make the search for gold eas­i­er, and plan to tor­ture him for infor­ma­tion before killing him.

The result is a slip­pery, dark­ly com­ic adven­ture that leans into the sheer unpleas­ant­ness of life on the West­ern fron­tier: fly-blown wounds, a lack of gen­er­al hygiene, dan­ger­ous wilder­ness and amaze­ment at the sight of a flush­ing toi­let; the pro­lif­er­a­tion of bum­bling, stu­pid white men with no respect for the earth or their fel­low man. Life is cheap in Audiard’s film. The spir­it of these das­tard­ly sib­lings is best described by a line in Peckinpah’s The Wild Bunch: If they move… kill em.”

Two men in period dress, one wearing a wide-brimmed hat and the other a bowler hat, sitting on horseback in a rural setting.

In these movies, women, ani­mals, dis­abled peo­ple and even the envi­ron­ment suf­fer. The cru­ellest of the six sto­ries told in Buster Scrug­gs fea­tures a quad­ri­pleg­ic at the mer­cy of a trav­el­ling show­man who forces him to enter­tain audi­ences for mon­ey. And in The Sis­ters Broth­ers, men in a gold rush fren­zy pour cor­ro­sive acid into clear streams, poi­son­ing the nat­ur­al beau­ty of their sur­round­ings. If any audi­ence mem­bers still feel romance or nos­tal­gia for the good ol’ days of John Wayne, these west­erns will sap those trea­cly feel­ings from their system.

Buster Scrug­gs and The Sis­ters Broth­ers, as pes­simistic texts that con­sis­tent­ly upbraid their char­ac­ters and the tropes of the tra­di­tion­al west­ern, share an impulse to play with con­ven­tion. In sup­pos­ed­ly cli­mac­tic shootouts, our heroes turn up to dis­cov­er their ene­mies already dead; out­laws escape the hangman’s noose only to wind up right back where they start­ed; hard­ship is expe­ri­enced and inde­pen­dence hard-won only to be caught by a stray Indi­an arrow or struck down by diph­the­ria. Here the Old West is depict­ed as a point­less­ly cru­el place, occa­sion­al­ly giv­ing them­selves over to near-nihilism at times.

In gen­er­al, I think the genre has a stronger appeal for film­mak­ers than audi­ences,” explains Charles Gant, box office ana­lyst and edi­tor of Screen Inter­na­tion­al Mag­a­zine. So why do film­mak­ers keep mak­ing them, and why do pro­duc­ers keep try­ing to get them made? The sim­ple answer is that the west­ern is part of cinema’s DNA, irre­sistible and ever­green as a tool not only for thrilling sto­ry­telling but also for polit­i­cal allegory.

I was hope­ful that the unsight­ly ambi­tion that accom­pa­nied the Gold Rush would be rep­re­sent­ed,” Dewitt tells LWLies. I think the film cap­tures these things bril­liant­ly.” Ali­son Dick­ey, a pro­duc­er on the film, elab­o­rates, It was real­ly inter­est­ing to make a film set dur­ing the Gold Rush in the Amer­i­can West, where there is inti­ma­cy with the char­ac­ters. While vio­lent, there is a cer­tain del­i­cate han­dling of that bru­tal­i­ty. Patrick’s won­der­ful writ­ing gave us an in to all the dia­logue we nev­er hear in west­erns, how these broth­ers on horse­back bick­er and rumi­nate as they work through their com­pli­cat­ed past while qui­et­ly mak­ing plans for their uncer­tain future.”

A film that does its best to flip the switch on these top­ics is 2017’s Woman Walks Ahead, direct­ed by Susan­na White. It stars Jes­si­ca Chas­tain as Cather­ine Whel­don, a real-life New York artist who trav­elled west unac­com­pa­nied to paint a por­trait of Lako­ta chief Sit­ting Bull and end­ed up a staunch advo­cate for Native Amer­i­can rights in a time where women bare­ly had any of their own. I grew up lov­ing west­erns for the mythol­o­gy and land­scape, but feel­ing a sense of dis­con­nect with the vio­lent male cul­ture,” says White. Here was a chance to make a west­ern where a woman had a cen­tral role, rather than being mar­gin­alised to a pros­ti­tute or a madam or a pas­sive home­stead­er need­ing to be saved.”

Two individuals on horseback in a rural, mountainous landscape with cloudy sky.

If these pes­simistic and polit­i­cal con­tem­po­rary west­erns are more fun to make, it doesn’t seem to be help­ing their chances at the box office. Quentin Tarantino’s The Hate­ful Eight did phe­nom­e­nal­ly well, though arguably more on the basis of its director’s fame than its set­ting. Maybe see­ing the grim and destruc­tive ori­gin sto­ries of our most cher­ished nation­al myth makes peo­ple uncom­fort­able, lead­ing them to pine for the so-called gold­en years. Not for noth­ing did Don­ald Trump proud­ly announce the endorse­ment of John Wayne’s daugh­ter, which was light­ly con­test­ed by the fam­i­ly.

In the final seg­ment of The Bal­lad of Buster Scrug­gs, two boun­ty hunters explain their pro­fes­sion to a mixed bag of trav­ellers in a stage­coach. One of them (played by Bren­dan Glee­son) does the killing, while the oth­er (Jon­jo O’Neill) does the dis­tract­ing, often through telling their boun­ty an enter­tain­ing sto­ry. You know the sto­ry,” he says. But peo­ple can’t get enough of them, like lit­tle chil­dren. They con­nect the sto­ries to them­selves, I sup­pose, and we all like hear­ing about our­selves. So long as the peo­ple in the sto­ries are us, but not us. Not us in the end, especially.”

The Coens nail it with their neat­ly self-aware dia­logue. Enough hap­pened in the west – the good, the bad, and the ugly – to map out any com­pelling nar­ra­tive of human strength and weak­ness. That’s why some­thing like Red Dead Redemp­tion 2 has proven so enor­mous­ly pop­u­lar – its inter­ac­tive qual­i­ty in such an expan­sive set­ting offers wish ful­fil­ment in a way cin­e­ma can­not, allow­ing the user com­plete free­dom to shoot and rob with­out the guilty filmmaker’s perspective.

Cyn­i­cism is a hard sell at the box office; the fan­ta­sy is what keeps peo­ple com­ing back. After more than a cen­tu­ry of rel­e­vance, the movie west­ern is still mak­ing all the right moves, but the peo­ple com­ing to see them seem increas­ing­ly less impressed by what they have to say.

You might like