Unpacking the myth of The Wizard of Oz’s hanging… | Little White Lies

Unpack­ing the myth of The Wiz­ard of Oz’s hang­ing Munchkin

11 Aug 2019

Words by James McMahon

Wooden cabin in forest, with green roof; yellow brick path leading through trees and undergrowth.
Wooden cabin in forest, with green roof; yellow brick path leading through trees and undergrowth.
Did a mem­ber of the sup­port­ing cast real­ly com­mit sui­cide on the set of MGM’s clas­sic musical?

Released 80 years ago, Vic­tor Fleming’s The Wiz­ard of Oz is best remem­bered – and indeed beloved – for its pio­neer­ing use of Tech­ni­col­or (in Baum’s book, Dorothy’s shoes are sil­ver, not ruby; they were changed to show­case the new colour motion pic­ture process) and for com­pos­er Her­bert Stothart’s Oscar-win­ning score.

Of course, the film is also noto­ri­ous for exac­er­bat­ing both Judy Garland’s use of amphet­a­mines and bar­bi­tu­rates – pre­scribed to her at the behest of Louis B May­er in order to increase the young star’s pro­duc­tiv­i­ty on set – and her self-image issues. May­er lat­er referred to the 16-year-old as his lit­tle hunch­back”, and in 1947, less than 10 years after her break­through role, Gar­land tried to kill her­self for the first time.

Dark­ness abounds in The Wiz­ard of Oz. The man orig­i­nal­ly cast to play the Tin Man, Bud­dy Ebsen, end­ed up in an iron lung after his sil­ver make-up, made up of alu­mini­um pow­der, got into his lungs. Wicked Witch Mar­garet Hamil­ton also spent time in the hos­pi­tal, suf­fer­ing sec­ond-degree burns on her face and third-degree burns on her hand. Once recov­ered, she returned to work under the pro­vi­so she would no longer have to work with fire. Her stunt-dou­ble, Bet­ty Danko, sub­se­quent­ly spent 11 days in the hos­pi­tal after the broom­stick’ she was sat on – basi­cal­ly a paint­ed smok­ing pipe – explod­ed. The burns on her legs nev­er healed.

Delv­ing deep­er into the film’s murky back­sto­ry, there is one urban leg­end that repeat­ed­ly sur­faces: that an actor who played a Munchkin can be seen hang­ing them­selves dur­ing the scene – which has come to be known as the Tin Woods­man sequence – where Dorothy, the Scare­crow and the Tin Man skip down the Yel­low Brick Road bound for the Emer­ald City.

The studio’s offi­cial line has long been that what looks like a lit­tle per­son swing­ing from a tree is actu­al­ly a shad­ow cast by a large crane, hired by Flem­ing, along with oth­er ani­mals from the Los Ange­les zoo, in an attempt to make the for­est seem alive. It is said that as the trio began skip­ping down the road, the crane unfold­ed its wings defen­sive­ly, cast­ing a strange shad­ow in the background.

This sup­posed myth is com­pli­cat­ed fur­ther by the mul­ti­ple ver­sions of the film that exist. When The Wiz­ard of Oz was re-released in 1989 for its 50th anniver­sary, the con­fus­ing footage had been cleaned up. The bird appears in a dif­fer­ent place to where it first appeared. This is the ver­sion that is now con­sid­ered the defin­i­tive cut, the one you’ll like­ly have seen on tele­vi­sion. Yet if you review the orig­i­nal footage, it still feels like some­thing is off.

Snopes​.com, the internet’s go-to resource for fact check­ing urban leg­ends and folk­lore, sug­gests alter­na­tive the­o­ries for the illu­sion, includ­ing a stage­hand wan­der­ing on set, or even falling from one of the trees. They note that it is impor­tant to remem­ber the res­o­lu­tion of the film when shown on tele­vi­sion – when the abil­i­ty, via VHS, arrived to fast for­ward and rewind footage – isn’t as sharp and as dis­tinct as when the film was shown in cin­e­mas. It was only when the film was released on home video that the leg­end real­ly took on a life of its own. Details were added to the sto­ry; the actor play­ing the doomed Munchkin was lovelorn’, and the actor’s behav­iour dur­ing the pro­duc­tion was brought into question.

Pro­duc­er Mervyn LeRoy once stat­ed that the actors had orgies in the hotel and we had to have police on every floor”. Gar­land, as well as alleg­ing that many of the Munchkins groped her, recalled them as drunks” who got smashed every night and the police had to scoop them up in but­ter­fly nets.” Make-up artist Jack Dawn once told the sto­ry of a Ger­man lit­tle per­son who got drunk, fell into a toi­let and had to be res­cued. What is not wide­ly enough known is that the US actors cast as Munchkins had just sur­vived the Great Depres­sion, many work­ing as car­ni­val freaks’ or as vaude­ville com­e­dy acts. Oth­ers had fled Nazi per­se­cu­tion in Europe.

In May 2018, the last sur­viv­ing actor to play a Munchkin in the film, Jer­ry Maren, passed away aged 97. He often said that the Munchkins’ alleged bad behav­iour had been over­stat­ed, cit­ing a com­bi­na­tion of excite­ment – for many it was the first time they’d met oth­ers like them; Maren was the only lit­tle per­son in his own fam­i­ly – and the wages paid to them. My father worked in a hotel and earned $5 a week,” Maren once recalled. I got $50 a week [on the film].” And yet Ter­ry, the Cairn Ter­ri­er that played Toto, was paid $125. Leo Von Singer, man­ag­er of pop­u­lar vaude­ville group Singer’s Midgets’, was paid $100 for every lit­tle per­son he brought in. He pock­et­ed 50 per cent.

The fact that the Munchkins weren’t due to arrive on set until after the Tin Woods­man sequence had been filmed should be enough to put paid to the leg­end that one of them met their mak­er in the woods. The exploita­tion of an already belea­guered minor­i­ty should be remem­bered and analysed with­out a sin­is­ter tall tale taint­ing their legacy.

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