A new film shows why democracy and the internet… | Little White Lies

Human Rights Watch Film Festival

A new film shows why democ­ra­cy and the inter­net are uneasy bedfellows

02 Mar 2017

Words by Sarah Jilani

Person with camera filming police officers in riot gear.
Person with camera filming police officers in riot gear.
Black Code fol­lows cyber stew­ards” from Toronto’s The Cit­i­zen Lab.

A must-see high­light of this year’s Human Rights Watch Film Fes­ti­val in Lon­don, Black Code sees Cana­di­an doc­u­men­tary mak­er Nicholas de Penci­er reveal exiled Tibetan monks attempt­ing to cir­cum­vent China’s sur­veil­lance appa­ra­tus, Syr­i­an cit­i­zens tor­tured for Face­book posts, Brazil­ian activists who use social media to livestream police abus­es, and Pak­istani oppo­nents of online vio­lence cam­paigns against women.

Shad­ow­ing The Cit­i­zen Lab – a team found­ed in 2001 that trav­els the world to expose glob­al dig­i­tal espi­onage – de Penci­er paints an urgent, bal­anced and affect­ing pic­ture: sur­veil­lance on the one side, dig­i­tal activism on the oth­er. As the bat­tle for con­trol of cyber­space is waged, our ideas of cit­i­zen­ship, pri­va­cy, and democ­ra­cy are chal­lenged to the core.

Inspired by the mem­oir Black Code: Inside the Bat­tle for Cyber­space’ by The Cit­i­zen Lab’s direc­tor Ronald J Deib­ert, de Penci­er broached a doc­u­men­tary sub­ject alto­geth­er new to him. He served as pro­duc­er on 2006’s Man­u­fac­tured Land­scapes and 2013’s Water­mark, both of which were direct­ed by his part­ner Jen­nifer Baich­w­al. These visu­al­ly arrest­ing films focus on the grad­ual and the alarm­ing effects of cli­mate change and human indus­try on land- and water­scapes. Black Code, on the oth­er hand, has a top­i­cal urgency and inves­tiga­tive verve that pri­ori­tis­es its sub­ject over its visu­als – and for good rea­son. What it cov­ers is noth­ing short of crit­i­cal to the future of pow­er, infor­ma­tion, crime and democracy.

It’s been dubbed a post-Snow­den film”, and although Snow­den him­self appears through­out via Face­Time calls, cru­cial­ly it looks past the impact of the indi­vid­ual. The Cit­i­zen Lab are inter­net sleuths” who fol­low mal­ware all around the glob­al net­works. They have teams of cyber stew­ards” from var­i­ous coun­tries, with a spe­cial focus on regions where a mere Face­book post, tweet, or a web arti­cle can be enough grounds for tor­ture, arrest, intim­i­da­tion and blackmail.

De Penci­er follow’s The Cit­i­zen Lab’s work in Pak­istan, Jor­dan, Syr­ia, Brazil and beyond. Through first-hand inter­views and hid­den cam­era footage, Black Code intro­duces many unheard voic­es – includ­ing some who have since been forcibly silenced in their pur­suit of trans­paren­cy and free­dom of infor­ma­tion – and fol­lows The Cit­i­zen Lab as they reveal both the crim­i­nal forces that are increas­ing­ly insin­u­at­ing them­selves into cyber­space, the gov­ern­ments vio­lat­ing their cit­i­zens’ pri­va­cy in the name of nation­al secu­ri­ty”, and the risky work of ordi­nary civil­ians who are using the inter­net to fight back.

Per­haps the most intrigu­ing sto­ry is that of Sabeen Mah­mud, a Pak­istani female activist killed because of her social media pres­ence. An advo­cate of open inter­net, she pub­licly voiced her crit­i­cisms of Pakistan’s on-again, off-again cen­sor­ing of Twit­ter, Wikipedia, and YouTube, among oth­ers. Yet it was Sabeen her­self that was most under threat: hate speech from con­ser­v­a­tive male observers built to a fren­zy, with death and rape threats a reg­u­lar occur­rence. She was shot by armed gun­men in April 2015 on her way back from host­ing a sem­i­nar. Hers is a har­row­ing exam­ple of the per­son­al cost of inter­net activism which seeks to desta­bilise author­i­tar­i­an and patri­ar­chal systems.

In the West, these top­ics can seem more the­o­ret­i­cal,” de Penci­er has said. This is pre­cise­ly why he includ­ed sto­ries like Sabeen’s – to con­nect the dots” between the seem­ing­ly small human rights vio­la­tions hap­pen­ing today and the real-world con­se­quences they may have tomorrow.

Yet Black Code has plen­ty of sto­ries of resilience and ongo­ing suc­cess, too. When Syr­i­an oppo­si­tion politi­cian Noura Al-Ameer received emails pur­port­ing to reveal Assad Crimes”, she savvi­ly for­ward­ed them to The Cit­i­zen Lab. This led to the Lab’s researchers dis­cov­er­ing an elab­o­rate cyber-espi­onage cam­paign oper­at­ing out of Iran. They sub­se­quent­ly uncov­ered sev­er­al mali­cious cam­paigns run by the same hack­ers, Group5. These find­ings showed how civ­il soci­ety groups are per­sis­tent­ly tar­get­ed by dig­i­tal mal­ware cam­paigns, and that their reliance on shared social media and dig­i­tal mobil­i­sa­tion tools can be a source of seri­ous vul­ner­a­bil­i­ty. State-fund­ed bel­liger­ent groups are grow­ing adept at bor­row­ing the lan­guage and style of the polit­i­cal oppo­si­tion or of civil­ian democ­ra­cy activists.

In pro­mot­ing the inter­net as a pow­er­ful agent of resis­tance, Black Code preach­es con­stant vig­i­lance among every­day users. It is a new kind of bat­tle­ground, a great lev­el­ling are­na where real-world pow­er imbal­ances between pow­er­ful states and oppressed civil­ians can be redressed. But the inter­net can also, by its very nature, facil­i­tate the sur­veil­lance and manip­u­la­tion of civ­il soci­ety. For this rea­son, Black Code is not to be missed. It is a time­ly work that shows why the fraught rela­tion­ship between democ­ra­cy and the inter­net is the most impor­tant con­flict of our trou­bled mod­ern times.

The Human Rights Watch Film Fes­ti­val runs 6 – 17 March in var­i­ous venues across Lon­don. For more info vis­it ff​.hrw​.org/​l​ondon

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